Ulcers occur when there is an imbalance between digestive fluids in the stomach and upper intestine. Most ulcers are believed to be caused by an infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a type of bacteria. Also, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen can ultimately damage mucous membranes in the gut and cause ulcers. Certain medical conditions that cause excessive stomach acid production may also lead to ulcers. It is a myth, however, that eating spicy foods can cause ulcers. Regarding stress, most healthcare professionals do not agree that psychological stress alone increases the risk of ulcers. But stress combined with other risk factors might increase the risk.

Factors such as diet, exercise, medications, and stress can affect the digestive system. To help maintain a healthy digestive system, choose healthy foods and eat adequate amounts of fiber daily. Fiber helps the body properly rid itself of waste which helps the digestive system function properly. Limit fatty foods, fried foods, and foods that are not well tolerated. Other ways to promote proper digestion include exercising regularly, thoroughly chewing foods, and eating slowly in a relaxed environment. Avoid “dashboard dining”, eating on the run, and excessive alcohol and caffeine intake. If possible, avoid certain medications that can disrupt the digestive system such as antibiotics or NSAIDS. In addition to diet and exercise, consider probiotic supplements such as L. acidophilus to improve overall digestive health. Probiotics promote the growth of healthy bacteria in the gut which contributes to proper digestion and a healthy gut environment.

First, follow an overall well-balanced diet. Limit foods and seasonings that stimulate the flow of gastric juices such as black pepper, chili powder, cloves, garlic, and caffeinated drinks. Avoid alcoholic beverages, smoking, and any foods that cause repeated discomfort. Acidic juices such as orange, grapefruit, and tomato juice may not be tolerated.

Certain supplements may help the gut’s environment by promoting the growth of healthy bacteria, soothing the mucous membranes, and calming the stomach. As mentioned previously, probiotics promote the growth of healthy bacteria and may especially be helpful to the digestive system if taking antibiotics. Other supplements such as aloe vera juice, slippery elm, and goldenseal may help calm the stomach and soothe mucous membranes.

Supplementation may also be needed when taking certain medications for ulcers. For example, Zantac may cause B12 malabsorption and decrease absorption of dietary iron; Prilosec may interfere with dietary B12 absorption in some individuals; Mylanta, Maalox, and other aluminum hydroxides increase calcium losses and some may decrease vitamin A levels; Milk of Magnesia may reduce absorption of dietary iron and can deplete calcium over time. To ensure adequate nutrient intake when taking these types of medications, consider a multivitamin with iron, B-complex, and calcium (calcium carbonate if taking aluminum hydroxides) with vitamin D daily.